CMST: Errata
Posted: Sun Mar 04, 2018 9:03 pm
Please note any errors with questions here.
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csheep wrote:Can I see the bonus on Cultural Revolutions? One of the dates sounded wrong but I could've misheard.
14. Sheila Fitzpatrick argued that events like the Shakhty Trial and the activities of groups like RAPP contributed to one of these events which took place in the Soviet Union from 1928–1931. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this type of event. Roderick MacFarquhar wrote a three-volume work on the “origins” of another one of these events, which focuses on elite politics and begins in 1956.
ANSWER: cultural revolutions [prompt on revolutions]
[10] MacFarquhar begins his history of the Chinese Cultural Revolution in 1956 because that was the year of the Secret Speech, which Mao saw as representing a deviation from orthodox Marxism denoted by this term. This term is also used to refer to a school of Western historians of the Soviet Union, which included Sheila Fitzpatrick, that reacted against the “totalitarian” school.
ANSWER: revisionism [or revisionists]
[10] As a part of the Chinese Cultural Revolution’s effort to combat revisionism, an enormous number of copies of this pocket-sized, brightly-bound book were printed. Its contents were a series of authoritative statements on topics like “People’s War” and “Contradictions among the People.”
ANSWER: The Little Red Book [or Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung; or Xiao hong shu; or Mao Zhuxi Yulu]
<MC, Other History>
The MacFarquhar book is about the Chinese Cultural Revolution, which began in 1966 and not 1956. That confused me and made me say "famines" instead of CR. The first volume of the MacFarquhar book is subtitled "1. Contradictions Among the People, 1956-1957 " but that's the prelude to the CR itself, and not when it began. The phrasing is ambiguous on whether it was the CR that began in 1956 or the book, and could probably be changed.aseem.keyal wrote:csheep wrote:Can I see the bonus on Cultural Revolutions? One of the dates sounded wrong but I could've misheard.14. Sheila Fitzpatrick argued that events like the Shakhty Trial and the activities of groups like RAPP contributed to one of these events which took place in the Soviet Union from 1928–1931. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this type of event. Roderick MacFarquhar wrote a three-volume work on the “origins” of another one of these events, which focuses on elite politics and begins in 1956.
ANSWER: cultural revolutions [prompt on revolutions]
[10] MacFarquhar begins his history of the Chinese Cultural Revolution in 1956 because that was the year of the Secret Speech, which Mao saw as representing a deviation from orthodox Marxism denoted by this term. This term is also used to refer to a school of Western historians of the Soviet Union, which included Sheila Fitzpatrick, that reacted against the “totalitarian” school.
ANSWER: revisionism [or revisionists]
[10] As a part of the Chinese Cultural Revolution’s effort to combat revisionism, an enormous number of copies of this pocket-sized, brightly-bound book were printed. Its contents were a series of authoritative statements on topics like “People’s War” and “Contradictions among the People.”
ANSWER: The Little Red Book [or Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung; or Xiao hong shu; or Mao Zhuxi Yulu]
<MC, Other History>
This was meant to suggest that the book itself begins in 1956; I apologize if it was confusingly-worded.csheep wrote:The MacFarquhar book is about the Chinese Cultural Revolution, which began in 1966 and not 1956. That confused me and made me say "famines" instead of CR. The first volume of the MacFarquhar book is subtitled "1. Contradictions Among the People, 1956-1957 " but that's the prelude to the CR itself, and not when it began.aseem.keyal wrote:csheep wrote:Can I see the bonus on Cultural Revolutions? One of the dates sounded wrong but I could've misheard.14. Sheila Fitzpatrick argued that events like the Shakhty Trial and the activities of groups like RAPP contributed to one of these events which took place in the Soviet Union from 1928–1931. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this type of event. Roderick MacFarquhar wrote a three-volume work on the “origins” of another one of these events, which focuses on elite politics and begins in 1956.
ANSWER: cultural revolutions [prompt on revolutions]
[10] MacFarquhar begins his history of the Chinese Cultural Revolution in 1956 because that was the year of the Secret Speech, which Mao saw as representing a deviation from orthodox Marxism denoted by this term. This term is also used to refer to a school of Western historians of the Soviet Union, which included Sheila Fitzpatrick, that reacted against the “totalitarian” school.
ANSWER: revisionism [or revisionists]
[10] As a part of the Chinese Cultural Revolution’s effort to combat revisionism, an enormous number of copies of this pocket-sized, brightly-bound book were printed. Its contents were a series of authoritative statements on topics like “People’s War” and “Contradictions among the People.”
ANSWER: The Little Red Book [or Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung; or Xiao hong shu; or Mao Zhuxi Yulu]
<MC, Other History>
Yes, I thought for a while about the best word to use here. Britannica calls it an agency, so I ended up going with that, and I don't think it's inaccurate to call it an agency given that it now has a staff of a few hundred people working for it. But I can see how it might be misleading, especially since it's best known as a kind of forum.Sam wrote:The tossup on "National Security Council" calls it an "agency" throughout. That seems misleading, at best, though admittedly I'd be hard-pressed to think of a good filler word that doesn't immediately give the game away.
I had the same experience -- perhaps "this governmental body"?Conquistador wrote:Yes, I thought for a while about the best word to use here. Britannica calls it an agency, so I ended up going with that, and I don't think it's inaccurate to call it an agency given that it now has a staff of a few hundred people working for it. But I can see how it might be misleading, especially since it's best known as a kind of forum.Sam wrote:The tossup on "National Security Council" calls it an "agency" throughout. That seems misleading, at best, though admittedly I'd be hard-pressed to think of a good filler word that doesn't immediately give the game away.
khannate wrote:Could I see the tossup on type I error?
10. A procedure to determine this value computes the largest value of k satisfying an upper bound of “k over m times this value.” That method, the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, is used in a setting that analogizes this value to a portion of the “discoveries.” This quantity is plotted on the x-axis of receiver operating characteristic curves, or ROC (“R-O-C”) curves. For multiple tests, this quantity is given by the FWER, and it is adjusted by dividing this value by the number of comparisons in the Bonferroni correction. One minus this quantity defines the (*) interval of a confidence interval. The p-value is smallest value of this quantity for which the test procedure rejects. This quantity, often symbolized with alpha, is commonly chosen to be 0.05, and is also known as the significance level. This quantity is the rate at which the null hypothesis is falsely rejected. For 10 points, name this quantity also known as the false positive rate, a statistical error in hypothesis testing along with the type-II error rate.
ANSWER: type-I error rate [or false positive rate before mention; or significance level before mention; or p-value before “x-axis” is read; prompt on error rate; prompt on alpha before mention]
<JN, Math>
This is a great idea for a tossup. The answerline hasn't come up before, but is still something important and gettable. Unfortunately, I think there's several technical issues with it:aseem.keyal wrote:khannate wrote:Could I see the tossup on type I error?10. A procedure to determine this value computes the largest value of k satisfying an upper bound of “k over m times this value.” That method, the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, is used in a setting that analogizes this value to a portion of the “discoveries.” This quantity is plotted on the x-axis of receiver operating characteristic curves, or ROC (“R-O-C”) curves. For multiple tests, this quantity is given by the FWER, and it is adjusted by dividing this value by the number of comparisons in the Bonferroni correction. One minus this quantity defines the (*) interval of a confidence interval. The p-value is smallest value of this quantity for which the test procedure rejects. This quantity, often symbolized with alpha, is commonly chosen to be 0.05, and is also known as the significance level. This quantity is the rate at which the null hypothesis is falsely rejected. For 10 points, name this quantity also known as the false positive rate, a statistical error in hypothesis testing along with the type-II error rate.
ANSWER: type-I error rate [or false positive rate before mention; or significance level before mention; or p-value before “x-axis” is read; prompt on error rate; prompt on alpha before mention]
<JN, Math>
With Samir's gracious help on rewording these clues, these issues have been fixed for future mirrors.khannate wrote: 1. Why is p-value being accepted before "x-axis" is read? There's no sense in which type I error is a different name for or a version of p-value. As it happens, I misunderstood the first clue and buzzed in with p-value, but I should have been negged.
2. That being said, the clues about Benjamini-Hochberg are confusing and wrong. The false discovery rate is not "analogous" to the type I error rate. It's a different quantity related to the type I error. Also, the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure does not determine the FDR, it just guarantees an upper bound on it.
3. The FWER clue is wrong as well. It is not the type I error rate for multiple testing; it is a different quantity related to the type I error.
Protean wrote:Could I see the tossup on artemisinin? Is there a particular reason that it doesn't seem to accept or at least prompt on qinghaosu?
In retrospect, that answer should be acceptable. It'll be added for future mirrors.Jay Keasling has engineered both S. cerevisiae and E. coli to produce a precursor to this compound, the intracellular activity of which results in the inactivation of the SERCA (“SUR-kuh”) calcium pump found in the ER and in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. One proposed mechanism for this drug’s medicinal properties focuses on its ability to alkylate translationally-controlled tumor protein, or TCTP. In humans, the alkylating activity of this drug also disrupts the heme detoxification pathway by binding free heme molecules and converting this drug into a cytotoxic carbon-centered (*) radical. Oxidative damage from that cleavage of this drug’s central endoperoxide bridge provides the leading theory for this drug’s mechanism of action. The discovery that this herbal byproduct possessed anti-parasitic properties resulted in the Chinese biologist Tu Youyou winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine. For 10 points, name this drug that has proved more effective than quinine for use in the widespread treatment of malaria.
ANSWER: artemisinin(s) [accept a variety of artemisinin-derived compounds, such as: artemether or artesunate or artemiside or artemisone or arteether or dihydroartemisinin or SM934 or SM905]
<RH, Biology>
Not only was Caryl Chessman a man, but in fact he changed his name from Carol because he was tired of people assuming otherwise.Though Erwin “Machine-Gun” Walker’s death sentence was commuted to life in prison by a member of this family, he approved the death sentences of female inmates Elizabeth Duncan and Caryl Chessman.
